Module Final: Connections

"Alaska Does not Belong to Outsiders... It Belongs to No One... We are only Caretakers of Haa Shageinyaa's creation."  Tlingit Elder, Juneau 2012.

Youtube: Tlingit Student Dancers: The Culture Belongs to Our Youth

Timeline of Southeast Alaska

TIMELINE	Loca-tion...	Nat Hist...	Cult Hist..	Russ Amer..	AK Econ..	Trans- port and  Comm	Pop Set-tle Educ...	WW II: 1939-1945....
Prehistoric Alaska – Human beings have inhabited SE Alaska for 11,000 or more years	Φ	Φ	Φ
16th Century
1579 – Sir Francis Drake’s Secret Voyage to Northwest America brought him to Alaska’s southeast.	Φ	Φ	Φ
18th Century
1742 – First scientific report on the North Pacific fur seal		Φ	Φ	Φ	Φ
1743 – Concentrated hunting of sea otter by Russia begins		Φ	Φ	Φ
1792 – Catherine II grants a monopoly of furs in Alaska to Grigorii Shelikov		Φ	Φ	Φ
1799 – Alexander Baranov establishes Russian post known today as Old Sitka	Φ	Φ	Φ	Φ
19th Century
1802 – Russian fort at Old Sitka destroyed by Tlingits			Φ	Φ
1804 – Russians return to Sitka and attack Kiksadi form on Indian River.  Russians lose the battle but Natives are forced to flee.  Baranov re-establishes trading post.			Φ	Φ
1821 – No foreigners allowed in Russian-American waters, except at regular ports of call.			Φ	Φ
1834 – Father Veniaminov moves to Sitka, consecrated Bishop Innokenty in 1840			Φ	Φ
1848 – Cathedral of St. Michael dedicated at New Archangel (Sitka)	Φ		Φ	Φ
1865 – Western Union Telegraph Company prepares to put a telegraph line across Alaska and Siberia	Φ		Φ	Φ
1867 – US purchases Alaska from Russia	Φ		Φ	Φ	Φ
1868 – Alaska designated as the “Department of Alaska” under Major General Jeff C. Davis, US Army	Φ		Φ		Φ
1869 – The Sitka Times, Alaskans first newspaper is published			Φ		Φ
1872 – Gold discovered near Sitka and in British Columbia	Φ		Φ		Φ		Φ
1876 – Gold discovered south of Juneau at Windham Bay	Φ		Φ		Φ		Φ
1878 – School opens at Sitka; it becomes Sheldon Jackson Junior College.			Φ		Φ		Φ
1878 – First canneries established at Klawock and Sitka			Φ		Φ		Φ
1880 - Gold discovered on Gastineau.			Φ		Φ		Φ
1880 – Juneau is founded			Φ		Φ	Φ	Φ
1881 – Treadwell Mine is the most prominent mine in AK			Φ		Φ	Φ	Φ
1882 – First two AK salmon canneries built	Φ		Φ		Φ	Φ	Φ
1882 – US Navy bombs and burns Tlingit village of Angoon	Φ		Φ		Φ	Φ	Φ
1887 – Father William Duncan and Tsimshian followers establish Metlakatla on Annette Island	Φ		Φ		Φ	Φ	Φ
1890 – Large corporate salmon canneries begin to appear	Φ		Φ		Φ		Φ
1897 – First shipment of fresh halibut sent south from Juneau	Φ		Φ		Φ		Φ
1898 – Skagway is largest city in Alaska	Φ		Φ		Φ		Φ
1898 – Congress appropriates money for telegraph from Seattle to Sitka			Φ			Φ
20th Century
1900 – Capital moved to Juneau	Φ		Φ		Φ	Φ	Φ
1904 – Last great Tlingit potlatch held in Sitka.			Φ
1904 – Submarine cables laid from Seattle to Sitka and from Sitka to Valdez	Φ		Φ		Φ	Φ
1906 – Alaska authorized to send voteless delegate to Congress.			Φ		Φ
1906 – Governor’s office moved from Sitka to Juneau	Φ		Φ				Φ
1912 – Territorial status for Alaska provides for a Legislature			Φ		Φ
1912 – Alaska Native Brotherhood organizes in Southeast			Φ
1913 – First Alaska Territorial Legislature convenes			Φ		Φ	Φ	Φ
1913 – First law passed grants women voting rights			Φ				Φ
1915 – Alaska Native Sisterhood holds first convention in Sitka			Φ
1916 – First bill for Alaska statehood introduced in Congress			Φ		Φ		Φ
1923 – President Harding comes to Alaska to drive the last spike in AK Railroad			Φ			Φ	Φ
1924 – Congress extends citizenship to all Natives in the US			Φ				Φ
1924 – Tlingit William Paul, Sr is first Native elected to Alaska Legislature			Φ				Φ
1924 – Start of airmail delivery to Alaska			Φ			Φ
1929 – US Navy begins 5-year survey to map parts of Alaska	Φ		Φ		Φ	Φ
1929 – Alaska Native Brotherhood Convention at Haines resolves to pursue land claims settlement in SE Alaska			Φ
1932 – Radio telephone communications established in Juneau and Ketchikan			Φ			Φ
1936 – The Indian Reorganization Act of 1935 amended to include Alaska			Φ
1946 – Boarding school for Native high school students opens at Mt Edgecombe			Φ		Φ		Φ
1947 – First Alaska Native land claims suit filed by Tlingit and Haida people in US Court			Φ
1955 – Alaska’s flag adopted			Φ
1956 – Territorial voters adopt the Alaska Constitution.			Φ				Φ
1956 – Alaska sends two senators and one representative to Washington, D.C.			Φ				Φ
1958 – US Congress votes to admit Alaska into the Union	Φ		Φ				Φ
1959 – President Eisenhower signs Alaska statehood bill			Φ		Φ		Φ
1969 – First live satellite telecast in Alaska			Φ			Φ
1976 – Voters establish Alaska Permanent Fund to receive 2.5% of all oil revenues			Φ		Φ
1994 – Voters defeat the latest proposal to move the Alaska capital away from Juneau	Φ		Φ		Φ		Φ
1995 – U.S.-Canada Pacific Salmon Treaty talks hinder Southeast Alaska’s troll king salmon fisheries			Φ		Φ
1998 – The moose was adopted as Alaska’s official state land mammal			Φ
1998 – The new Seward Sea Life Center is the western hemisphere’s first cold water marine research facility	Φ		Φ		Φ		Φ
21st Century
2006 – Sarah Palin becomes Alaska’s first woman Governor.  Moves residence to Juneau			Φ		Φ		Φ

Juneau: Alaska's Wet and Cultured Playground

1880             Gold discovered on Gastineau

1880             Juneau is founded

1881             Treadwell Mine is the most prominent mine in Alaska

Treadwell Mine, Douglas 1881 (Google Images)
John Treadwell staked claims on Douglas Island
and he was appointed as superintendent of
mining operations.
(http://www.juneau.org/history/treadwel.php)

1897             First shipment of fresh Halibut from Juneau

Halibut range in size from 30" to 9 feet.  (Google Image)
The prolific size of halibut earns big dollars for fishing industry.
(http://www.shgresources.com/ak/timeline/)

1900             Capital of Alaska moved to Juneau

Capitol Building Construction 1900 (Google Images)
Construction took less than 2 years.  Wealthy Alaskans
contributed to the construction.
(http://www.alaska.com/juneau/)

1906             Governor's office moved from Sitka to Juneau

Construction of Governor's Mansion (Google Images)
Governor John Green Brady (1897-1906)
(http://www.juneau.org/history-old/histoutl.php)

1913             First Alaska Territorial Legislature convenes in Juneau

Alaska's First Territorial Legislature
There was grumbling, then as now, by some of the newly-elected legislators
 from the Interior, Southcentral, and Western Alaska about Juneau's
geographical location as capital. Among the grumblers in 1913 were some
of those who would have to make late-winter trips by dog sled to an
ice-free salt water port to catch a ship for the legislature's planned early March opening.
(http://www.sitnews.net/JuneAllen/Legislature/011803_ak_1st_legislature.html)

1924             Congress extends citizenship to Alaska Natives

Citizenship extended to Alaska Natives
(http://akhfblog.typepad.com/door-15/2010/10/the-sword-and-the-shield.html)

1924             Tlingit William Paul, Sr first AK Native elected to Legislature

1932             Radio telephone communication established in Juneau

Radio telephone communication first used by Military operations.
(http://www.armyradio.com/arsc/customer/pages.php?pageurl=/publish/Articles/William_Howard_Russian/Creation_Of_USW_A-7_Radio.htm)
(http://www.northrim.com/home/about_alaska/history/timeline)

Cause and Effect Statements:

1. The discovery of gold in Gastineau and Douglas Island in 1880 prompted the influx of many people to SE Alaska, and specifically to Juneau.  People coming to Juneau prompted transportation improvements, housing needs and in the year the establishment of the Town of Juneau. 

Criteria met: 3 items linked?  yes - gold, population, and transportation

                           time/place?  yes

                    appropriate link? yes

                    historically accurate?  yes

                    grammar/structure/clarity?  yes

2.  Beginning of commercial fishing industry in Juneau in 1887.  People came to Juneau for gold and silver in 1880.  Other industries were established, including commerical fishing, with shipments being sent to the lower 48.

Criteria met:  2 items linked?  yes - industrial development & transportation
                    time/place?  yes
                    appropriate link?  yes
                    historically accurate?  yes
                    grammar/structure/clarity?  yes

3.  Capital of Alaska moved to Juneau and Governor's office moved to Juneau between 1900 and 1906.

Criteria met:  2 items linked?  yes - population and government
                    time/place?  yes
                    appropriate link?  yes
                    historically accurate?  yes

4.  First Alaska Territorial Legislature convenes in Juneau in 1913.  With the growth of the town and establishing it as the capital of Alaska, it is natural that the legislature would move to the city.  Government presence in the city encouraged industrial/commercial growth and transportation/communication infrastructure.

Criteria met:  3 items linked?  yes - government, population and transportation
                     time/place? yes
                     appropriate link?  yes
                     historically accurate?  yes

5.  US Congress extends citizenship to Alaska Natives and William Paul, Sr, first Alaska Native elected to legislature in 1924.  A cultural "biggie" in the U.S. when American Indians and Alaskan Natives are given citizenship.  With that citizenship, an Alaskan Native/Tlingit man was elected to the legislature.

Criteria met:  2 items linked?  yes - government and cultural history/people
                    time/place?  yes
                    appropriate link?  yes
                    historically accurate?  yes

6.  Radio telephone communication established in Juneau in 1932.  With the growth of the town, now considered a city, and the need for "outside" contact, radio communication became important and available. 

Criteria met:  2 items linked?  yes - population and communication
                     time/place?  yes
                    appropriate link?  yes
                    historically accurate?  yes